A review of CPT based axial pile design in the Netherlands

Because of the deltaic nature Netherlands, deep soft soil deposits are widespread. Due to population density exploitation underground space is vital for commercial developments and transport networks. Piles used as primary support elements in excavations, cut cover tunnels, quay walls, flood defences provide uplift resistance base tunnels basements. This paper examines empirical correlations linking Cone Penetration Test (CPT) end qc foundations sand. It found that between pile independent diameter. However, impact installation method, residual load, plugging sand creep should be considered. In case shaft resistance, constant correlation factors average possible non-displacement piles. For displacement piles, include effects friction fatigue during recommended.